DOI:https://doi.org/10.15407/kvt204.02.020
Cybernetics and Computer Engineering, 2021, 2(204)
CHABANIUK V.S.1,2, PhD (Phys.-Math.),
Senior Researcher of the Cartography Department, Institute of Geography,
Director of “Intelligence systems-GEO” LLC,
ORCID: 0000-0002-4731-7895
email: chab3@i.ua, chab@isgeo.kiev.ua
KOLIMASOV I.M.2,
Head of Production of “Intelligence systems-GEO” LLC,
ORCID: 0000-0002-4927-4200
email: kolimasov@ukr.net
KRAKOVSKYI S.P.1,
Junior Researcher of the Cartography Department, Institute of Geography,
ORCID: 0000-0001-5164-6272
email: krakovsp@gmail.com
1Institute of Geography, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
44, Volodymyrska str., 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine
2“Intelligence systems-GEO” LLC,
6/44, Mykilsko-Slobidska str., 02002, Kyiv, Ukraine
CRITICAL SYSTEMIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRONIC ATLASES OF NEW GENERATION. PART 1: PROBLEM AND RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction. The revolutionary changes in information technology of the last two decades allow the construction of electronic atlases (EA), the capabilities of which are fundamentally richer than the capabilities of “classic” EA. This is achieved through the use of the systemic properties of the new generation of EA, which are therefore named systemic. Systemic EA remain the simplest and most effective spatial information models of territorial systems allowing applying them for the decision of many practical problems.
The purpose of the paper is to formulate the need for systemic EA and describe methods for studying their systemic properties. These methods will be used to find and describe critical systemic properties without which EA cannot be systemic.The methods are founded on Relational Cartography and Model-Based Engineering.
Results. The evolution of “classic” EA is considered: from paper atlases and their images to analytical atlases. It is shown that on the imaginary border of classic and nonclassic EA there are already new generation EA — systemic EA. Both the theory and practice of such systemic EA have many unresolved problems. Some of them are described in the article. The authors believe that many problems can be solved by implementing the critical systemic properties of EA. Two methods are used to study the problems and to prove the results: Conceptual frameworks and Solutions frameworks. Both the methods themselves and the possibility of their application to find the critical systemic properties of the new generation of EA are described.
Conclusions. The main problems of electronic atlases of the new generation are described and their solution is offered by a method of Conceptual frameworks and a method of Solutions framework.
Keywords: systemic electronic atlas, Conceptual framework, Solutions framework, critical system property.
REFERENCES
1. Hurni Lorenz. Atlas Information Systems, pp. 85-92. In Shekhar Shashi, Xiong Hui, Zhou Xun, Eds. Encyclopedia Of GIS.- Springer, 2017, 2nd Ed.- 2507 (2550) p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_847
2. Large Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ch. editor Prokhorov A.M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1993. 1628 p. (in Russian)
3. Salichtchev K.A. Cartography. Textbook.- M.: MSU Publishing, 3rd Ed. 1990. 400 p. (in Russian)
4. Vozenilek Vit. Aspects of the Thematic Atlas Compilation, pp. 3-12. In: Brus Jan, Vondrakova Alena, Vozenilek Vit, Eds. Modern Trends in Cartography: Selected Papers of CARTOCON 2014.- Springer, 2015.- 534 p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07926-4_1
5. https://icaci.org, accessed 2021-may-05.
6. Etymological dictionary of the modern Russian language. Compiled by A.K. Shaposhnikov: in 2 volumes M.: Flinta, 2016, 2nd ed. stereotyped. V. 1.- 584 p. V. 2.- 576 p. (in Russian)
7. Chabaniuk Viktor. Relational Oartography: Theory and practice.- Kyiv: Institute of Geography of the NAS of Ukraine, 2018.- 525 p. (in Ukrainian)
8. Kraak Menno-Jan, Ormeling Ferjan. Cartography: Visualization of Geospatial Data.- Prentice Hall, 2010, 3rd Ed.- 198 (249) p.
9. Cauvin Colette, Escobar Francisco, Serradj Aziz. Thematic Cartography. Volume 3: New Approaches in Thematic Cartography.- ISTE-Wiley, 2010 (Adapted and updated from two volumes Cartographie Thematique 3 et 4.-LAVOISIER, 2008).- 291 (320) p.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118558010
10. Chabaniuk V., Dyshlyk O. Atlas Basemaps in Web 2.0 Epoch.- The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B4, 2016 XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12-19 July 2016, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 611-618.
https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B4-611-2016
11. Sui Daniel Z., Holt James B. Visualizing and Analysing Public-Health Data Using Value-by-Area Cartograms: Toward a New Synthetic Framework.- Cartographica, Vol. 43, Iss. 1, 2008, pp. 3-20.
https://doi.org/10.3138/carto.43.1.3
12. Berlyant, A.M. Geoiconics. M .: Astrea, 1996.- 208 p. (in Russian)
13. Roth Robert E. Interacting with Maps: The science and practice of cartographic interaction.- The Pennsylvania State University, Doctor of Philosophy (Geography) Dissertation. 2011. 215 (225) p.
14. Sieber, R. and Losang, E.: Current Challenges in Atlas Cartography, Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 2, 32, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-32-2020,
2020.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-32-2020
15. Vozenilek, Vit. Atlases and Systems Theory within Systematic Cartography, Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 1, 386, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-386-2019
16. Azocar Fernandez Pablo Ivan, Buchroithner Manfred Ferdinand. Paradigms in Cartography: An Epistemological Review of the 20th and 21st Centuries.-Springer, 2014.- 150 p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38893-4
17. Andreessen Marc. 2007. Analyzing the Facebook Platform, three weeks in [Blog post].- https://web.archive.org/web/20071002070223/http://blog.pmarca.com/2007/06/analyzing_the_f.html. Accessed 2021-may-03.
18. Pulsifer Peter L., Taylor D.R. Fraser. The cartographer as mediator: Cartographic representation from shared geographic information, pp. 149-180. In Taylor D.R. Fraser (Ed.). Cybercartography: Theory and Practice (Modern Cartography Series 4).- Elsevier, 2005.- 574 p.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1363-0814(05)80010-3
19. Parush A., Pulsifer P.L., Philps K., Dunn G. Understanding Through Structure: The Challenges of Informational and Navigation Architecture in Taylor D.R.F. and Caquard S. (eds.) Cybercartography. Special Issue of Cartographica on Cybercartography, 2006, 41 (1), 21-34.
https://doi.org/10.3138/4383-1643-R163-6R25
20. Nunaliit, http://nunaliit.org, accessed 2021-may-05.
21. Hayes Amos, Pulsifer Peter L., Fiset J.P. The Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework, pp. 129-140. In Taylor D.R. Fraser, Editor. Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cybercartography: Applications and Indigenous Mapping (Modern Cartography Series 5).- Elsevier, 2014.- 364 p.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62713-1.00009-X
22. Reyes Maria del Carmen. Cybercartography from a Modelling Perspective, pp. 63-99. In: Taylor D.R. Fraser (Ed.). Cybercartography: Theory and Practice (Modern Cartography Series 4).- Elsevier, 2005. -574 p.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1363-0814(05)80007-3
23. Reyes Carmen, Taylor D.R. Fraser, Martinez Elvia, Lopez Fernando. Geocybernetics: A new Avenue of Research in Geomatics?- Cartographica: The International Journal of Geographic Information and Geovisualization, 41(1), 2006, pp. 7-20.
https://doi.org/10.3138/C034-6P5T-W322-1G72
24. Reyes C., Paras M. Geocybernetics: A pathway from empiricism to cognitive frameworks. En “GEOcibernetica: lnnovating in Geomatics for Society”. 2012. http://www.geocibernetica.org/jou.l.f.lal/index.php/diciem_bre2012/resumen-2012-02.
25. Taylor D.R. Fraser. Some recent developments in the theory and practice of Cybercartography, pp. 55-68. In: Taylor D.R. Fraser, Anonby Erik, Murasugi Kumiko (Eds.). Further Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cybercartography (Modern Cartography Series 9).- Elsevier, 2019.- 525 p.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64193-9.00004-X
26. Lopez-Caloca F., Sanchez-Sandoval R., Reyes M., Lopez-Caloca A., 2014. From cybercartography to the paradigm of geocybernetics, pp. 17-32. In: Taylor D.R.F. (Ed.), Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cybercartography: Applications and Indigenous Mapping (Modern Cartography Series 5).- Elsevier, 2014.- 364 p.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62713-1.00002-7
27. Kobben Barend. Towards a National Atlas of the Netherlands as Part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.- The Cartographic Journal, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2013, pp. 225-231.
https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000056
28. Bar H.R., Sieber R. Towards high standard interactive atlases. In: Proceedings of the International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, China, 2001, 7 p.
29. Sieber Rene, Serebryakova Marianna, Schnurer Raimund, Hurni Lorenz. Atlas of Switzerland Goes Online and 3D Concept, Architecture and Visualization Methods, pp. 171-184 // Gartner Georg, Jobst Markus, Huang Haosheng, Editors. Progress in Cartography. EuroCarto 2015 (Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Subseries: Publications of the International Cartographic Association (ICA)).- Springer, 2016.- 480 p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19602-2_11
30. Sieber Rene, Hollenstein Livia, Odden Benedicte, Hurni Lorenz. From Classic Atlas Design to Collaborative Platforms The SwissAtlasPlatform Project.- 25th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, 2011, 10 p.
31. https://www.atlasderschweiz.ch/. The version as of 06.02.2021 is considered.
32. Sieber Rene, Schmid Christoph, Wiesmann Samuel. Smart legend smart atlas!- XXII International Cartographic Conference (ICC2005), 2005, 9 p.
33. Lechthaler Mirjanka. Interactive and Multimedia Atlas Information Systems as a Cartographic Geo-Communication Platform, pp. 382-402 / LNG&C2010, Cartography in Central and Eastern Europe. Selected Papers of the 1st ICA Symposium on Cartography for Central and Eastern Europe. Gartner Georg, Ortag Felix (Eds.).- Springer, 2010.- 570 p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03294-3_24
34. genderATlas (accessed 2021-may-05, http://genderatlas.at/#projektinfo).
35. genderATlas fur die Schule (accessed 2021-may-05, http://genderatlas.at/schule/).
36. Riegler M., Wenk M.L., Aufhauser E., Ledermann F., Schmidt M., Gartner G.- genderATlas Osterreich Entwicklung eines zielgruppenorientierten Online-Tools. 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1553/moegg157s323
37. Interactive National Atlas of Spain (https://interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es, accessed 2021-may-05).
38. Interactive Atlas of Belgium (https://www.atlas-belgique.be, accessed 2021-may-05).
39. Geoclip framework (https://www.geoclip.fr, accessed 2021-may-05)
40. Huber S., Schmid C. 2ndatlas of Switzerland: interactive concepts, functionality and techniques.- In: Proceedings of the 21st International Cartographic Conference, Durban, ICA, 2003, pp. 1398-1405.
41. Alexander Christopher. The Timeless Way Of Building.- Oxford University Press, 1979.- 552 p.
42. Chabaniuk V.S., Dyshlyk O.P. Conceptual Framework of the Electronic version of the National Atlas of Ukraine.- Ukrainian Geographical Journal, 2014, 2, p. 58-68. (in Ukrainian)
https://doi.org/10.15407/ugz2014.02.058
43. Chabaniuk Viktor, Dyshlyk Oleksandr. GeoSolutions Framework Reinvented: Method, pp. 115-138 // in Analysis, Modeling and Control. Vol. 3, Collection of Scientific Papers of the Department of Applied Nonlinear Analysis. Edited by prof. Makarenko A.S.- Institute for Applied System Analysis at the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Politechnic Institute, Kyiv, 2018.- 250 p.
44. Favre Jean-Marie. Towards a Basic Theory to Model Model Driven Engineering.- Proc. of the 3rd UML Workshop in Software Model Engineering (WiSME-2004), 2004, 8 p.
45. Bhatt Niraj. MVC vs. MVP vs. MVVM.- July 18, 2009. (accessesed 2021-may-05, http://nirajrules.wordpress.com/2009/07/18/mvc-vs-mvp-vs-mvvm/).
46. Implementing the MVVM Pattern Using the Prism Library 5.0 for WPF, 2014-may-05.- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/msp-n-p/gg405484(v=pandp.40), accessed 2021-may-03.
47. Brambilla Marco, Cabot Jordi, Wimmer Manuel. Model-driven Software Engineering in Practice (Synthesis Lectures on Software Engineering).- Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2nd, 2017.- 209 p.
48. Cultural heritage in the Atlas geoinformation system of sustainable development of Ukraine: L.G. Rudenko, Watering can, V.S. Chabaniuk and others. / for ed. L.G. Rudenko.- Kyiv: Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2018.- 172 p. (in Ukrainian)
Received 22.03.2021