Issue 4 (214), article 4

DOI:https://doi.org/10.15407/kvt214.04.054

Cybernetics and Computer Engineering, 2023, 4(214)

Aralova N.I.1, DSc (Engineering), Senior Researcher,
Senior Researcher of the Department of Optimization of Controlled Processes,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-2736,
e-mail: aralova@ukr.net

Radziejowski P.A.2, DSc (Biology), Professor,
Professor of the Educational Studies Department
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-2705,
e-mail: p.radziejowski@wseit.edu.pl

Radziejowska M.P.3, DSc (Biology), Professor,
Professor of the Management Faculty, Department of Innovations
and Safety Management Systems
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9845-390X,
e-mail: maria.radziejowska@pcz.pl

Aralova A.A.1, PhD (Mathematics)
Researcher of the Department of Methods for Discrete Optimization,
Mathematical Modelling and Analyses of Complex Systems
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-2036,
email: aaaralova@gmail.com

1V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
40, Acad. Glushkov av., 03187, Kyiv, Ukraine

2Kazimiera Milanowska College of Education and Therapy,
22,Grabowa str., 61-473, Poznań, Poland

3Czestochowa University of Technology
19b, Armii Krajowej str., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland

INTELLIGENT DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES REGARDING THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE PHYSICAL TRAINING
OF MILITARY SERVICEMEN

Introduction. The NATO Medical Doctrine and the Military Medical Doctrine of Ukraine emphasize the need to apply scientific approaches to health care, physical training, and supporting special operations. Of course, the extreme conditions of professional activity require the personnel to have appropriate training and the ability to adapt. Professional selection and training should be, on the one hand, scientifically based and objective, and on the other hand, using an individual approach, should be as effective as possible. Currently, this is impossible without the use of information technologies.

The purpose of the paper is to develop intelligent technology on the basis of mathematical models of the body’s functional systems, to support decision-making regarding the optimization of physical training of military personnel

Methods. Mathematical modeling methods, numerical optimization methods

Results. An intelligent technology has been developed to support decision-making regarding the optimization of the physical training of military personnel, which includes a complex of mathematical, algorithmic and software for assessing the current state and forecasting the functional state of military personnel. Mathematical support includes mathematical models of regulation of oxygen regimes of the human body, transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in the human body, functional self-organization of the respiratory system and blood circulation, heat exchange in the human body, immune response, and the interaction and mutual influence of these systems. If there is a suitable array of personal data, it can be used for individual planning of physical training of personnel.

Keywords: optimizing the physical training of servicemen, functional respiratory system, extreme conditions of professional military activity, adaptation of the body of a serviceman.

Download full text!

REFERENCES

1. Platonov V.N. The system of training athletes in Olympic sports. The general theory and its practical applications: учеб. for students of physics universities. education and sports. K.: Olympic literature, 2004, 808 p.

2. Military medical doctrine of Ukraine. Government courier. 07.11.2018. No. 209

3. NATO standard AJP-4.10 allied joint doctrine for medical support Edition C Version 1. September 2019. North Atlantic treaty organization. Allied Joint Publication. Published by the NATO standardization office (NSO), 124 р.

4. Shekera O.H. Views on reforming the system of medical support of the armed forces of Ukraine. Medical support of an anti-terrorist operation: scientific-organizational and medical-social aspects: a collection of scientific works / by General. ed. academicians of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine V. I. Tsimbalyuk and A. M. Serdyuk – K.: State Enterprise “Prioritety” Scientific Center, 2016, 316 p. ISBN 978-617-7288-43-4 P. 270-271.

5. Galushka A.M., Zahovskyi V.O., Livinskyi V.G. Medical support of the armed forces of Ukraine: experience, achievements, prospects. Ukrainian Journal of Military Medicine. 2021, 1, T.2/
https://doi.org/10.46847/ujmm.2021.1(2)

6. Decree of the President of Ukraine dated September 24, 2015 No. 555/2015 “On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated September 2, 2015 “On the new edition of the Military Doctrine of Ukraine”.

7. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated October 1, 2018 o 910 “On approval of the Military Medical Doctrine of Ukraine”.

8. Order of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine dated March 12, 2020 No. 100 “On Approval of the Strategy for the Development of the Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2035”

9. The doctrine “Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” was approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on November 13, 2020.

10. Verba A.V., Zhakovskyi V.O., Livinskyi V.G. Medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: state and views on development prospects. Monograph. Kyiv: Lyudmila Publishing House. 2017, 420 p.

11. Khomenko I.P., Lurin I.A., Tsymbalyuk V.I., Zahovskyi V.O., Livinskyi V.G., Galushka A.M., Humenyuk K.V., Shvets A.V., Ivanko O. .M.Medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the anti-terrorist operation and the operation of the United Forces on the territory of Luhansk and Donetsk regions: a monograph in 3 parts. K.: Lyudmila Publishing House, 2020. Part I, 386 p.

12. Khomenko I.P., Lurin I.A., Tsymbalyuk V.I., Zahovskyi V.O., Livinskyi V.G., Galushka A.M., Humenyuk K.V., Shvets A.V., Ivanko O. M. Medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the anti-terrorist operation and the operation of the United Forces on the territory of Luhansk and Donetsk regions: a monograph in 3 parts. K.: Lyudmila Publishing House, 2020, Part II – 437 p.

13. Khomenko I.P., Lurin I.A., Tsymbalyuk V.I., Zahovskyi V.O., Livinskyi V.G., Galushka A.M., Humenyuk K.V., Shvets A.V., Ivanko O. M. Medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the anti-terrorist operation and the operation of the United Forces on the territory of Luhansk and Donetsk regions: a monograph in 3 parts. K.: Lyudmila Publishing House, 2020. Part III , 487 p.

14. Zhakhovskyi, V.O., Livinskyi, V.H. (2018) Yedynyi medychnyi prostir ta viiskova medytsyna : monohrafiia. [Unified medical space and military medicine]. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo «Liudmyla». 336. (in Ukrainian).

15. Bilyi, V.Ya., Zhakhovskyi, V.O., & Aslanian S.A. (2021). Evoliutsiia systemy medychnoho zabezpechennia viisk pid chas boiovykh dii. Monohrafiia K. : «Vydavnytstvo Liudmyla». 348 p. (In Ukrainian)

16. Vaara J.P., Groeller H., Drain J., Kyröläinen H., Pihlainen K., Ojanen T., Connaboy C., Santtila M., Agostinelli P., Nindl B.C. Physical training considerations for optimizing performance in essential military tasks. Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Jan;22(1):43-57. Epub 2021 Jun 3. PMID: 34006204.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1930193

17. Smith C., Doma K., Heilbronn B., Leicht A. Effect of Exercise Training Programs on Physical Fitness Domains in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mil Med. 2022, Aug 25;187(9-10):1065-1073. PMID: 35247052
https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac040

18. Vaara J.P., Kalliomaa R., Hynninen P., Kyröläinen H. Physical Fitness and Hormonal Profile During an 11-Week Paratroop Training Period. J Strength Cond Res. 2015, Nov;29 Suppl 11:S163-7. PMID: 26506182.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001033

19. Santtila M., Pihlainen K., Viskari J., Kyröläinen H. Optimal Physical Training During Military Basic Training Period. J Strength Cond Res. 2015, Nov29, Suppl 11:S154-7. PMID: 26506180.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001035

20. Haddock C.K., Poston W.S., Heinrich K.M., Jahnke S.Aю, Jitnarin N. The Benefits of High-Intensity Functional Training Fitness Programs for Military Personnel. Mil Med. 2016, Nov, 181(11):e1508-e1514. PMID: 27849484; PMCID: PMC5119748
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00503

21. Poston W.S., Haddock C.K., Heinrich K.M., Jahnke S.A., Jitnarin N., Batchelor D.B. Is High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT)/CrossFit Safe for Military Fitness Training? Mil Med. 2016, Jul, 181(7):627-37. PMID: 27391615; PMCID: PMC4940118.
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00273

22. Gibala M.J., Gagnon P.J., Nindl B.C. Military Applicability of Interval Training for Health and Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2015, Nov, 29 Suppl 11:S40-5. PMID: 26506197.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001119

23. Gilchrist J., Jones B.H., Sleet D.A., Kimsey C.D; CDC. Exercise-related injuries among women: strategies for prevention from civilian and military studies. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000, Mar, 31;49(RR-2):15-33. PMID: 15580730.

24. Givens A.C., Bernards J.R., Kelly K.R. Characterization of Female US Marine Recruits: Workload, Caloric Expenditure, Fitness, Injury Rates, and Menstrual Cycle Disruption during Bootcamp. Nutrients. 2023, Mar, 28;15(7):1639. PMID: 37049480; PMCID: PMC10096956.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071639

25. Moran D.S., Israeli E., Evans R.K., Yanovich R., Constantini N., Shabshin N., Merkel D., Luria O., Erlich T., Laor A., Finestone A. Prediction model for stress fracture in young female recruits during basic training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008, Nov, 40(11 Suppl):S636-44. PMID: 18849871.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181893164

26. Yanovich R., Merkel D., Israeli E., Evans R.K., Erlich T., Moran D.S. Anemia, iron deficiency, and stress fractures in female combatants during 16 months. J Strength Cond Res. 2011, Dec, 25(12):3412-21.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318215f779

27. Greeves J. P. Physiological Implications, Performance Assessment and Risk Mitigation Strategies of Women in Combat-centric Occupations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29.11, Suppl. (2015): S. S94-S100.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001116

28. Szivak T.K., Mala J., Kraemer W.J. Physical performance and integration strategies for women in combat arms. Strength and conditioning journal. 2015, 37(4), pp. 20-29.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000137

29. O’Leary T.J., Saunders S.C., McGuire S.J., Venables M.C., Izard R.M. Sex Differences in Training Loads during British Army Basic Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018, Dec, 50(12):2565-2574. PMID: 30048410
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001716

30. Jurvelin H., Tanskanen-Tervo M., Kinnunen H., Santtila M., Kyröläinen H. Training Load and Energy Expenditure during Military Basic Training Period. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020, Jan, 52(1):86-93. PMID: 31343524.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002092

31. Richmond V.L, Carter J.M., Wilkinson D.M., Homer F.E., Rayson M.P., Wright A., Bilzon J.L. Comparison of the physical demands of single-sex training for male and female recruits in the British Army. Mil Med. 2012, Jun, 177(6):709-15. PMID: 22730848.
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00416

32. Blacker S.D., Wilkinson D.M., Rayson M.P. Gender differences in the physical demands of British Army recruit training. Mil Med. 2009, Aug, 174(8):811-6. PMID: 19743735
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-01-3708

33. Orme G.J., Kehoe E.J. Women and Men Together in Recruit Training. Mil Med. 2018, May, 1;183(5-6):e147-e152. PMID: 29425352
https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usx098

34. Varley-Campbell J., Cooper C., Wilkerson D., Wardle S., Greeves J., Lorenc T. Sex-Specific Changes in Physical Performance Following Military Training: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2018, Nov, 48(11):2623-2640. PMID: 30232790; PMCID: PMC6182553.309. 30.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0983-4

35. Gibala M.J., Gillen J.B., Percival M.E. Physiological and health-related adaptations to low-volume interval training: influences of nutrition and sex. Sports Med. 2014, Nov, 44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S127-37. PMID: 25355187; PMCID: PMC4213388.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0259-6

36. Dada E.O., Anderson M.K., Grier T., Alemany J.A., Jones B.H. Sex and age differences in physical performance: A comparison of Army basic training and operational populations. J Sci Med Sport. 2017, Nov, 20 Suppl 4:S68-S73. PMID: 29100826.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.002

37. Santtila M., Pihlainen K., Vaara J., Tokola K., Kyröläinen H. Changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics differ between female and male recruits during the Finnish military service. BMJ Mil Health. 2022, Oct, 168(5):337-342. Epub 2020 Sep 30. PMID: 32999088.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001513

38. Santtila M., Pihlainen K., Vaara J., Nindl B.C., Heikkinen R., Kyröläinen H. Aerobic fitness predicted by demographics, anthropometrics, health behaviour, physical activity and muscle fitness in male and female recruits entering military service. BMJ Mil Health. 2022, Oct, 21:e002267. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36270735.
https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2022-002267

39. Wentz L, Liu P.Y., Haymes E., Ilich J.Z. Females have a greater incidence of stress fractures than males in both military and athletic populations: a systemic review. Mil Med. 2011, Apr, 176(4):420-30. PMID: 21539165.
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-10-00322

40. Bell N.S., Mangione T.W., Hemenway D., Amoroso P.J., Jones B.H. High injury rates among female army trainees: a function of gender? Am J Prev Med. 2000, Apr, 18(3 Suppl):141-6. PMID: 10736550.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00173-7

41. Anderson M.K., Grier T., Dada E.O., Canham-Chervak M., Jones B.H. The Role of Gender and Physical Performance on Injuries: An Army Study. Am J Prev Med. 2017, May, 52(5):e131-e138. Epub 2016 Dec 21. PMID: 28012810.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.11.012

42. Yanovich R., Evans R., Israeli E., Constantini N., Sharvit N., Merkel D., Epstein Y., Moran D.S. Differences in physical fitness of male and female recruits in gender-integrated army basic training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008, Nov, 40(11 Suppl):S654-9. PMID: 18849869.э
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181893f30

43. Daniels W.L., Wright J.E., Sharp D.S., Kowal D.M., Mello R.P., Stauffer R.S. The effect of two years’ training on aerobic power and muscle strength in male and female cadets. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1982, Feb, 53(2):117-21. PMID: 7059326.

44. Daniels W.L., Kowal D.M., Vogel J.A., Stauffer R.M. Physiological effects of a military training program on male and female cadets. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1979, Jun, 50(6):562-6. PMID: 475702.

45. Jacobson I.G., Donoho C.J., Crum-Cianflone N.F., Maguen S. Longitudinal assessment of gender differences in the development of PTSD among US military personnel deployed in EMBED support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. J Psychiatr Res. 2015, Sep, 68:30-6. Epub 2015 Jun 1. PMID: 26228397.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.015

46. Blacker S.D., Wilkinson D.M., Rayson M.P. Gender differences in the physical demands of British Army recruit training. Mil Med. 2009, Aug, 174(8):811-6. PMID: 19743735.
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-01-3708

47. Wood P.S., Grant C.C., du Toit P.J., Fletcher L. Effect of Mixed Basic Military Training on the Physical Fitness of Male and Female Soldiers. Mil Med. 2017, Jul, 182(7):e1771-e1779. PMID: 28810971.
https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00218

48. Chikrii A.A. Conflict controlled processes. Boston; London; Dordrecht: Springer Science and Business Media, 2013, 424 p.

49. Bobryakova I.L. Sensitivity of the mathematical model and optimal regulation of the functional respiratory system. diss. Candidate of Physics and Mathematics Nauk, Kyiv, 2000. 179 p.

50. Aralova N. I. Mathematical models of functional respiratory system for solving the applied problems in occupational medicine and sports. Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH&Co, KG. 2019, 368 p. (In Russian)

51. Kolchinskaya A.Z., Lauer N.V., Shkabara. Ye.A.. About the regulation of body oxygen regimes. Oxygen organism regime and its regulation. K.: Nauk.Dumka, 1966. P. 157-200.

52. Aralova А.А., Aralova N.I., Klyuchko O.M., Mashkin V.I., Mashkina I.V. Information system for the examination of organism adaptation characteristics of flight crews’ personnel. Electronics and control systems. 2018, 2, pp. 106-113.
https://doi.org/10.18372/1990-5548.52.11882

53. Onopchuk Yu.N. Homeostasis of functional respiratory system as a result of intersystem and system-medium informational interaction. Bioecomedicine. Uniform information space. Ed. by V. I. Gritsenko. Kyiv. Naukova dumka, 2001, pp. 59-84.

54. Onopchuk Yu. N.Homeostasis of the functional circulatory system as a result of intersystem and system-medium informational interaction. Bioecomedicine. Uniform information space. Ed. by V. I. Gritsenko. Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 2001, pp. 85-104.

55. Polynkevich K.B., Onopchuk Yu.N. Conflict situations at regulating of the main function of organism respiratory system and mathematical models of their resolution. Cybernetics. 1986, 3, pp. 100-104. (In Russian)
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01069979

56. Filippov A.F. Differentional equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. Mathematics and Its Applications. Springer Dordrecht, 1988, 304 p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7793-9

57. Ermakova I.Y. Mathematical modeling of human thermoregulation processes. M.: BLAME, 1987, 134 p.

58. Marchuk G.I. Mathematical models in immunology. M.: Nauka, ch. Ed. Phys.-Math. Lit, 1991, 304 p.

59. Shakhlina L.J.G. Medizinisch-biologische Grunglagendes sportlichen Trainings von Frauen. Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft. Bonn: 2010, 322 p.

60. Aralova N.I., Shakhlina L.Ya.-G. The mathematical models of functional self-organization of the human respiratory system with a change pf the hormonal states of organism. Journal of Automation and Information Sciences. 2018, 3: 132-141.pages 49-59
https://doi.org/10.1615/JAutomatInfScien.v50.i5.50

61. Aralova N.I. Shakhlina L.Ya.-G. Futornyi S.M. Mathematical Model of High-Skilled Athlete’s Immune System. Journal of Automation and Information Sciences. 2019, pp. 56-67.
https://doi.org/10.1615/JAutomatInfScien.v51.i3.60

Received 28.08.2023