DOI:https://doi.org/10.15407/kvt203.01.005
Cybernetics and Computer Engineering, 2021, 1(203)
I.V. SUROVTSEV1, DSc (Engineering), Senior Researcher,
Head of the Ecological Digital Systems Department
e-mail: dep115@irtc.org.ua, igorsur52@gmail.com
GALIMOV S.K.1, Leading Engineer, Ecological Digital Systems Department
e-mail: dep115@irtc.org.ua
V.M. GALIMOVA2, PhD (Chemistry), Associate Professor,
Senior Lecturer,
Analytical and Inorganic
Chemistry and Water Quality Department
e-mail: galimova2201@gmail.com
M.V. SARKISOVA2 Student
Veterinary Faculty
e-mail: mari.doga2014@gmail.com
1International Research and Training Center of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine,
40, Acad. Glushkov av., Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
2National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
17, str. Heroes of Defense, 17, bldg. № 2, of. 18, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
METHOD OF CHRONOIONOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATIONS OF FLUORINE, NITRATE, AMMONIUM IN DRINKING WATER
Introduction. Using method of chronoionometry and ion-selective electrodes makes it possible to determine quickly the concentrations of chemical elements, which allows you to assess the quality of drinking water and the ecological condition of the environment.
The purpose of the paper is to apply the developed method of chronoionometry to measure the concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, ammonium in drinking water and to assess the accuracy of measuring concentrations.
Methods. Chronoionometric method of chemical analysis uses the principles of direct potentiometry to measure the concentrations of chemical elements.
Results. Methods for detection the concentrations of fluorine, nitrates, ammonium in drinking water were obtained and tests were performed in model aqueous solutions using the device of inversion chronopotentiometry “Analyzer SCP”, which testify to the compliance of measurement errors with metrological normative values.
Conclusions. Improved analytical system “Analyzer SCP” to determine the concentration of 20 chemical elements (Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ni, Co, Se, Mn, I, Cr, Fe, K, Na, Ca, F, NO3, NH4) in aqueous solutions by inversion chronopotentiometry and chronoionometry, which is sufficient for ecological assessment of drinking water quality and environmental objects. The use of a new method of chronoionometry significantly expands the functionality of the device of inversion chronopotentiometry, increases the reliability and accuracy of measuring the concentrations of chemical elements.
Keywords: chronoionometry method, concentration, of fluoride, nitrate, ammonium, ion-selective electrode, inversion chronopotentiometry, drinking water.
REFERENCES
1. DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10. “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption”. Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 12.05.2010 No.400. Register. July 1, 2010 for No. 452/17747 (in Ukrainian).
2. Surovtsev I.V., Velykyi P.Y., Galimova V.M., Sarkisova M.V. Ionometric method for determination of concentrations of microelements in research of digital medicine. Cyb. and comp. eng., 2020, No.4(220), pp. 25-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/kvt202.04.025
3. Surovtsev I.V., Galimov S.K. Data processing algorithm of concentration measurement by method chronoionometry. Control System and Computers. 2016, No.2, pp. 85-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/usim.2016.02.085
(in Russian).
4. Surovtsev I.V., Galimov S.K., Tatarinov O.E. Information technology for determining the concentration of toxic elements in environmental objects. Kibernetika i vycislitel’naa tehnika. 2018, No.1(191), pp. 5-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/kvt191.01.005
(in Ukrainian).
5. Fenix. Ion-selective electrodes ELIS. 2020, URL: http://www.fenix-trade.kiev.ua/elec_opis1.shtml (in Russian).
6. Zhukova A.G., Mikhailova N.N., Kazitskaya A.S., Alekhina D.A. Contemporary concepts of molecular mechanisms of the physiological and toxic effects of fluorine compounds on an organism. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2017, Vol. 16, No 3, pp. 4-11 (in Russian).
7. de Carvalho R.B., Medeiros U.V., dos Santos K.T., Pacheco Filho A.C. Influence of different concentrations of fluoride in the water on epidemiologic indicators of oral health/disease. Cien. Saude Colet. 2011 Aug; 16(8): 3509-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232011000900019.
PMID: 21860951
8. Mohd Nor N.A., Chadwick B.L., Farnell D.J.J., Chestnutt I.G. The impact of a reduction in fluoride concentration in the Malaysian water supply on the prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018 Oct;46(5):492-499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12407.
Epub 2018 Jul 18.PMID: 30019792
9. Ion I., Ion A.C., Barbu L. Potentiometric determination of fluoride in groundwaters. Rev. roum. chim. 2005, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 407-412.
10. Trigub V.I. Floride in drinking waters of odessa region and its effect on morbidity of caries and dental fluorosis. Visnyk of Odessa National University. Series: Geographical and geological sciences. 2012, Vol. 17, No. 2(15), pp. 71-78. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2012.2(15).186004 (in Ukrainian).
11. Duan Q, Jiao J, Chen X, Wang X. Association between water fluoride and the level of children’s intelligence: a dose-response meta-analysis. Public Health. 2018 Jan; 154: 87-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.08.013.
Epub 2017 Dec 22. PMID: 29220711
12. O’Mullane D.M., Baez R.J., Jones S., Lennon M.A., Petersen P.E., Rugg-Gunn A.J., Whelton H., Whitford G.M. Fluoride and oral health. Community Dent Health. 2016, Jun;33(2), pp. 69-99. PMID: 27352462
13. Kubala E., Strzelecka P., Grzegocka M., Lietz-Kijak D., Gronwald H., Skomro P., Kijak E. A review of selected studies that determine the physical and chemical properties of saliva in the field of dental treatment. Biomed. Res. Int. 2018, 2018, 6572381.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6572381
14. Buzalaf Mar. Review of fluoride intake and appropriateness of current guidelines. Adv Dent Res. 2018 Mar, 29(2), pp. 157-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750850.
PMID: 29461104
15. Waugh DT, Potter W, Limeback H, Godfrey M. Risk assessment of fluoride intake from tea in the Republic of Ireland and its implications for public health and water fluoridation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016, Feb 26, 13(3), p. 259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030259.
PMID: 26927146.
16. Kaminskaya O.V., Zakharova E.A., Slepchenko G.B. Joint voltammetric determination of nitrites and nitrates in waters. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2004, Vol. 59, No. 11, pp. 1206-1212 (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JANC.0000047013.71862.c4
17. Md. Eshrat E. Alahi, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Detection methods of nitrate in water: A review. Sensors and Actuators A Physical. 2018, Vol. 280, p.210
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.07.026
18. Pan D., Lu W., Zhang H., Zhang L., Zhuang J. Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode. Int. J. Env. Anal. Chem. Vol. 93, 2013, 935-945, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2012.690149.
19. DSTU 4725:2007. Soil quality. Potassium, ammonium, nitrate and chloride ion activity determination by potentiometric method. 2007. 34 (in Ukrainian).
20. da Silva Iranaldo S., de Araujo William R., Paixao Thiago R.L.C. Direct nitrate sensing in water using an array of copper-microelectrodes from flat flexible cables. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical. 2013, Vol. 188, p. 94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.094
21. Pan D., Lu W., Zhang H. Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode. International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry. 2013, Vol.93, No. 9, p. 935.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2012.690149
22. Yun-Fang Ning, You-Peng Chen, Yu Shen, et al. Directly determining nitrate under wide pH range condition using a Cu-deposited Ti electrode. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2013, Vol. 160, No.10, H715.
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.052310jes
23. Min Zhang, Xuezhi Dong, Xuejun Li, Yongrong Jiang, Yan Li, Ying Liang. Review of separation methods for the determination of ammonium/ammonia in natural water. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry (IF 7.059). 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00098
24. Yong Zhu, Jianfang Chen, Dongxing Yuan, Zhi Yang, Xiaolai Shi, Hongliang Li, Haiyan Jin, Lihua Ran. Development of analytical methods for ammonium determination in seawater over the last two decades. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. Vol. 119, October 2019, 115627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.115627
25. The effect of ammonium (ammonia) in water on the body. URL: https://ziko.com.ua/ru/all-article-ammoniy-ammiak/ (Last accessed: 27.04.2018) (in Russian).
26. Ammonium – fast and robust determination according to current ISO, EPA, and ASTM standards using direct measurement. URL: https://www.metrohm.com/en-vn/company/news/news-ammonia-ab-133/
27. Yeager J.L., Miller M.D., Ramanujachary K.V. Determination of total fluoride content in electroslag refining fluxes using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Ind. and Eng. Chem. Res. 2006, Vol. 45, No 13, pp. 4525-4529.
28. Electrode for measurement of concentration of nitrate-ions: patent 93137, Ukraine: IPC G01N 27/30 (2006.01). a200907268; claimed 10.07.2009; published 10.01.2011 (in Ukrainian).
29. Wu Y., Fei J., Dang X., Hu S. Determination of ammonium ion in lake water by voltammetry. Wuhan Univ. J. Natur. Sci. 2004, Vol.9, No3, pp. 366-370.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907895
30. ‘Shariar S.M., Hinoue T. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of nitrate and nitrite ions using a copper electrode pretreated by dissolution/redeposition Analytical sciences november. 2010, Vol. 26, 1173-1179.
https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.26.1173
31. Santos Carla S., Lima Alex S., Battistel D. Fabrication and use of dual-function iridium oxide coated gold SECM tips. An Application to pH Monitoring above a Copper Electrode Surface during Nitrate Reduction. Electroanalysis. 2016, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 1441.
https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201501082
32. Thangamuthu Madasamy, Manickam Pandiaraj, Murugesan Balamurugan, et al. Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase and nitrate reductase coimmobilized bienzymatic biosensor for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2014, Vol. 52, p. 209.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.036
33. Hasan Bagheri, Ali Hajian, Mosayeb Rezaei, et al. Composite of Cu metal nanoparticles-multiwall carbon nanotubes-reduced graphene oxide as a novel and high performance platform of the electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2017, Vol.324, p. 762.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.055
34. Ying Li, Haitao Han, Dawei Pan, et al. Fabrication of a micro-needle sensor based on copper microspheres and polyaniline film for nitrate determination in coastal river waters. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2019, Vol.166, No.12, B1038.
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1281912jes
35. Hala Araar, Messaoud Benounis, Amani Direm, et al. A new thin film modified glassy carbon electrode based on melaminium chloride pentachlorocuprate(II) for selective determination of nitrate in water. Monatshefte Chemical Monthly. 2019, Vol. 150, No. 10, 1737.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-019-02483-7
36. Manju Bhargavi Gumpu, Noel Nesakumar, Bhat Lakshmishri Ramachandra, et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of nitrate ions in water with a low detection limit – a chemometric approach. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2017, Vol.72, No.3, p. 316.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934817030078
37. Pan D., Lu W., Wu Sh. In situ spontaneous redox synthesis of carbon nanotubes/copper oxide nanocomposites and their preliminary application in electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate. Materials Letters. 2012, Vol. 89, p. 333.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.09.004
38. Remes A., Sonea D., Burtica G., Picken S., Schoonman J. Electrochemical determination of nitrate from water sample using Ag-doped zeolite-modified expanded graphite composite electrode. Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry. Vol. 20, No. 1, 2009, pp. 61-65.
39. Catherine M. Fox, Carmel B. Breslin. Electrochemical formation of silver nanoparticles and their applications in the reduction and detection of nitrates at neutral pH. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 2020, Vol. 50, No.1, p. 125.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-019-01374-3
40. Junhua Jiang, Lei Zhang, Vinay Shanbhag. Improving electrochemical sensitivity of silver electrodes for nitrate detection in neutral and base media through surface nanostructuration. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2014, Vol. 161, No.2, B3028.
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.004402jes
41. Salatino A. Ammonium ion sensor based on SiO2/ZrO2/phosphate-NH4+ composite for quantification of ammonium ions in natural waters. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2007, 18(1), 34-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000100022
42. Dong Kim Loan, Tran Hong Con, Tran Thi Hong and Luong Thi Mai Ly. Quick determination of ammonia ions in water environment based on thymol color creating reaction. 2013, Environmental Sciences, Vol. 1, 2013, no. 2, pp. 83-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12988/es.2013.31010
43. Huang Y., Wang T., Xu Z., Hughes E., Qian F., Lee M., Fan Y., Lei, Y., Bruckner C., Li B. Real-time in situ monitoring of nitrogen dynamics in wastewater treatment processes using wireless, solid-state, and ion-selective membrane sensors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, pp. 3140-3148.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05928
44. Jalalvand Ali R., Mahmoudi M., Goicoechea Hector C. Developing a novel paper-based enzymatic biosensor assisted by digital image processing and first-order multivariate calibration for rapid determination of nitrate in food samples. RSC Advances. 2018, Vol.8, No. 41, 23411.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA02792G
45. Surovtsev I.V., Tatarinov O.E., Galimov S.K. Device of inversion chronopotentiometry for determining the concentration of heavy metals and toxic elements in water. Bezpeka zhyttyediyal’nosti. 2013, No. 12, pp. 37-40 (in Ukrainian).
46. Device for measuring the concentration of toxic elements: patent 107412, Ukraine: IPC (2006) G01N 27/48. a201306295; claimed 21.05.13; published 25.12.14 (in Ukrainian).
47. Device for measuring parameters of aqueous solutions: patent 111689, Ukraine: IPC (2006) G01N 27/48. a201505019; claimed 22.05.15; published 25.05.16 (in Ukrainian).
48. Method for determination of nitrate ions in aqueous solutions: patent 116717, Ukraine: IPC (2006.01) G01N 27/48, G01N 27/49, G01N 27/333, G01N 33/18, G01N 33/20. a201611106; claimed 04.11.2016; published 25.04.2018 (in Ukrainian).
49. Method of determination of fluoride ions in aqueous solutions: patent 116718, Ukraine: IPC (2006.01) G01N 27/48, G01N 27/49, G01N 27/333, G01N 33/18, G01N 33/20. a201611109; claimed 04.11.2016; published 25.04.2018 (in Ukrainian).
50. Method of determining ammonium ions in aqueous solutions: patent 116719, Ukraine: IPC (2006) G01N 27/48, G01N 27/49, G01N 33/18, G01N 33/20. a201611112; claimed 04.11.2016; published 25.04.2018 (in Ukrainian).
51. Kopilevich V.A., Surovtsev I.V., Galimova V.M. Method of measuring the mass concentration of fluorine, ammonium and nitrates in water by chronopotentiometric ionometry. MB 081/12-1023-2016. Kyiv: Nats. un-t biotekhn. i pryrodokorystuvannya, 2016, 30 (in Ukrainian).
52. Surovtsev I.V., Babak O.V., Tatarinov O.E., Surovtseva T.V. Hardware and software complex “Analyzer ICP” for measuring the mass concentration of toxic elements. Nauka ta innovatsiyi. 2011, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 45-46 (in Ukrainian).
Received 03.12.2020